See example E-book for electronic books.

Structure/template

• Surname, Initial(s). (Year). Book title in italics [Translated title – if applicable] (Edition - if applicable). Publisher. DOI

If the book has a DOI, include the DOI in the reference. Use the format: https://...

Add an English translation of the title in square brackets if the source used is not in English.

In text

(Creme & Lea, 2003, p. 10)

In a reference list

• Creme, P., & Lea, M. R. (2003). Writing at university (2nd ed.). Open University Press.

In EndNote

Add as “Book”.

Fill out the fields: Author (use “enter” between each author if more than one), Year, Title, Publisher, Edition (if applicable),DOI (if applicable).

(In the EndNote field DOI enter the DOI in this format: 10…).

In Zotero

Add as “Book”.

Fill in the fields: Title, Author, Edition (if applicable), Publisher, Date

Structure/template

• Surname, Initial(s). (Year). Book title in italics [Translated title – if applicable] (Edition - if applicable). Publisher. DOI

• Surname, Initial(s). (Year). Book title in italics [Translated title – if applicable] (Edition - if applicable). Publisher. https://...

If the e-book has a DOI, include the DOI in the reference. Use the format: https://...

E-book without a DOI, from most academic research databases: Do not include the URL in the reference. In this case the reference should be the same as for a print book.

Add an English translation of the title in square brackets if the source used is not in English.

In text

(Jackson, 2019)

In a reference list

• Jackson, L. M. (2019). The psychology of prejudice: From attitudes to social action (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000168-000

E-book with a DOI.

In EndNote

Add as "Electronic Book".

Fill out the fields: Author (use “enter” between each author if more than one), Year, Title, Publisher, Edition (if applicable), DOI or URL (if applicable).

(In the EndNote field DOI enter the DOI in this format: 10…).

If the e-book has no DOI and the URL is not to be included in the reference, add as “Book”. See example Book.

In Zotero

Add as Book.

Fill in the fields: Title, Author, Edition (if applicable), Publisher, Date, URL

Structure/template

• Surname author, Initial(s). (Year). Title of chapter [Translated title – if applicable]. In Initial(s) Surname editor (Ed./Eds.), Book title in italics (Edition - if applicable, page). Publisher. DOI/URL

If the book has a DOI, include the DOI in the reference. Use the format: https://...

Chapter in e-book without a DOI, from most academic research databases: Do not include the URL in the reference.

Add an English translation of the title in square brackets if the source used is not in English.

In text

(Carey & Zou, 2007)

In a reference list

• Carey, J. R., & Zou, S. (2007). Theories of life span and aging. In P. S. Timiras (Ed.), Physiological basis of aging and geriatrics (4th ed., pp. 55-70). Informa Healthcare.

In EndNote

Add as “Book Section”.

Fill out the fields: Author (use “enter” between each author if more than one), Year, Title, Editor (use “enter” between each if more than one), Book Title, Publisher, Pages, Edition (if applicable), DOI or URL (if applicable).

(In the EndNote field DOI enter the DOI in this format: 10…).

In Zotero

Add as Book Section

Fill in the fields: Title, Author, Editor, Book Title, Edition (if applicable), Publisher, Date, Pages

To reference a chapter in an edited book, see example book chapter.

Structure/template

• Surname editor, Initial(s). (Ed./Eds.). (Year). Book title in italics [Translated title – if applicable] (Edition – if applicable). Publisher. DOI/URL

If the book has a DOI, include the DOI in the reference. Use the format: https://...

E-book without a DOI, from most academic research databases: Do not include the URL in the reference

Add an English translation of the title in square brackets if the source used is not in English.

In text

(Fermann, 1997)

In a reference list

• Fermann, G. (Ed.). (1997). International politics of climate change: Key issues and critical actors. Scandinavian University Press.

In EndNote

Add as “Edited Book”.

Fill out the fields: Editor (use “enter” between each editor if more than one), Year, Title, Publisher, Edition (if applicable), DOI or URL (if applicable).

(In the EndNote field DOI enter the DOI in this format: 10…).

In Zotero

Add as Book.

Fill in the fields: Title, Editor, Edition (if applicable), Publisher, Date

Structure/template

• Surname, Initial(s). (Year). Article title [Translated title – if applicable]. Title of journal in italics, volume in italics(number), page. DOI – if available

• Surname, Initial(s). (Year). Article title [Translated title – if applicable]. Title of journal in italics, volume in italics(number), page. https://...

If the journal article has a DOI, include the DOI in the reference. Use the format: https://...

Online journal article without a DOI, from most academic research databases: Do not include the URL in the reference.

Add an English translation of the title in square brackets if the source used is not in English.

In text

(Kwan & Mapstone, 2004)

In a reference list

• Kwan, I., & Mapstone, J. (2004). Visibility aids for pedestrians and cyclists: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 36(3), 305-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-4575(03)00008-3

Journal article with a DOI.

In EndNote

Add as "Journal Article".

Fill out the fields: Author (use “enter” between each author if more than one), Year, Title, Journal, Volume, Issue, Pages, DOI or URL (if applicable).

(In the EndNote field DOI enter the DOI in this format: 10…).

In Zotero

Add as Journal Article.

Fill in the fields: Title, Author, Publication, Volume, Issue, Pages, Date, DOI (preferred) or URL

Structure/template

• Surname author, Initial(s). (Publication year). Title of paper [Translated title – if applicable]. In Initial(s) Surname editor (Ed./Eds.), Conference Name in italics (page). Publisher.

Add an English translation of the title in square brackets if the source used is not in English.

In text

(Storleer, 2004)

In a reference list

• Storleer, R. (2004). The new UBiT Web: A better way to organize and retrieve information. In M. Hummelshøj (Ed.), Knowledge and change: Proceedings of the 12th Nordic Conference for Information and Documentation, September 1–3, 2004, Hotel Hvide Hus, Aalborg, Denmark (pp. 62–67). Royal School of Library and Information Science.

In EndNote

Add as “Book Section”.

Fill out the fields: Author (use “enter” between each author if more than one), Year, Title, Editor (use “enter” between each if more than one), Book Title, Publisher, Pages.

In Zotero

Add as Conference Paper

Fill in the fields: Title, Author, Editor, Proceedings Title, Publisher, Date, Pages

Structure/template

• Surname, Initial(s). (Year, Date). Title of article [Translated title – if applicable]. Title of newspaper in italics, page.

• Surname, Initial(s). (Year, Date). Title of article [Translated title – if applicable]. Title of newspaper in italics. https://...

Add an English translation of the title in square brackets if the source used is not in English.

In text

(Carey, 2019)

In a reference list

• Carey, B. (2019, March 22). Can we get better at forgetting? The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/22/health/memory-forgetting-psychology.html

In EndNote

Add as "Newspaper Article".

Fill out the fields: Reporter (use “enter” between each reporter if more than one), Year, Title, Newspaper, Pages (if printed newspaper), Issue Date, URL.

In Zotero

Add as Newspaper Article

Fill in the fields: Title, Author, Publication, Date, Pages

Please note that the date should be written year, date, month. If the format is wrong, you must manually change the date after the document has been disconnected from Zotero.

Structure/template

• Surname, Initial(s). (Year). Title of dissertation or thesis in italics [Translated title – if applicable] [Doctoral dissertation, Institution]. Repository name. https://...

• Surname, Initial(s). (Year). Title of dissertation or thesis in italics [Translated title – if applicable] [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Institution, Place.

Add an English translation of the title in square brackets if the source used is not in English.

In text

(Zambrano-Vazquez, 2016)

In a reference list

• Zambrano-Vazquez, L. (2016). The interaction of state and trait worry on response monitoring in those with worry and obsessive-compulsive symptoms [Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona]. UA Campus Repository. https://repository.arizona.edu/handle/10150/620615

In EndNote

Add as “Thesis”. (If unpublished dissertation: Add as “Unpublished Work”).

Fill out the fields: Author (use “enter” between each author if more than one), Year, Title, University, Thesis Type, Name of Database, URL.

(If unpublished dissertation, fill out the fields: Author (use “enter” between each author if more than one), Year, Title of Work, Institution, Type of Work).

In Zotero

Add as Thesis

Printed thesis: Fill in the fields: Title, Author, Type, University, Date

Thesis in Archive: Fill in the fields: Title, Author, Type, University, Date, URL, Archive

Official Norwegian report (NOU)

Structure/template

• NOU Year: number. (Year). Title in italics [Translated title – if applicable]. Ministry.

• NOU Year: number. (Year). Title in italics [Translated title – if applicable]. Ministry. https://...

Add an English translation of the title in square brackets if the source used is not in English.

In text

(NOU 2017: 2, p. 45)

In a reference list

• NOU 2017: 2. (2017). Integrasjon og tillit: Langsiktige konsekvenser av høy innvandring [Integration and trust: Long-term consequences of high immigration]. Justis- og beredskapsdepartementet. https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumenter/nou-2017-2/id2536701/

In EndNote

Add as “Book”.

Fill out the fields: Author (add NOU year: number as author with a comma at the end), Year, Title, Publisher, URL.

In Zotero

Add as Book.

Fill in the fields: Title, Author (add NOU year: number), Date, Publisher, URL

In text: remove the year

Structure/template

• Designation number (session). Title in italics [Translated title – if applicable]. Ministry. https://...

Add an English translation of the title in square brackets if the source used is not in English.

In text

(Meld. St. 29 (2012–2013))

In a reference list

• Meld. St. 29 (2012–2013). Morgendagens omsorg [Future care]. Helse- og omsorgsdepartementet. https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumenter/meld-st-29-20122013/id723252/

In EndNote

Add as “Book”.

Fill out the fields: Author (add designation number (session) as author with a comma at the end), Title, Publisher, URL.

In Zotero

Add as Book.

Fill in the fields: Title, Author (White paper number, write it in one field), Publisher, Date, URL

Norwegian law

Structure/template

• Short title. (Year). Title in italics [Translated title – if applicable] (date code). Website name. https://...

Add an English translation of the title in square brackets if the source used is not in English.

In text

(Straffeloven, 2005, § 20)

In a reference list

• Straffeloven. (2005). Lov om straff [The penal code] (LOV-2005-05-20-28). Lovdata. https://lovdata.no/lov/2005-05-20-28

Use Lovdata (https://lovdata.no) to find the law's short title and date code.

In EndNote

Add as “Book”.

Fill out the fields: Author (the law’s short title), Year, Title (the law’s full title and date code), Publisher, URL.

In Zotero

Add as Book.

Fill in the fields: Title, Author, Report number, Institution, Date, URL

Structure/template

• Organization. (Year). Title of the standard in italics [Translated title – if applicable] (Standard No.). https://...

Add an English translation of the title in square brackets if the source used is not in English.

In text

(International Organization for Standardization, 2005)

In a reference list

• International Organization for Standardization. (2005). Industrial sewing machines: Safety requirements for sewing machines, units and systems (ISO Standard No. 10821:2005). http://www.standard.no/no/Nettbutikk/produktkatalogen/Produktpresentasjon/?ProductID=113554

In EndNote

Add as “Report”.

Fill out the fields: Author (with a comma after the name of the organization), Year, Title, Report Number, URL.

In Zotero

Add as Report.

Fill in the fields: Title, Author, Report number, Institution, Date, URL

Structure/template

• Surname inventor, Initial(s). (Year patent issued). Title of patent in italics (Patent No.). Patent office. https://...

URL of the patent is optional but may be included if available.

In text

(Anders et al., 2021)

In a reference list

• Anders, K., Fox, J. R., Harpur, L. S., & Dunne, J. (2021). Social media toxicity analysis (U.S. Patent No. 11,138,237). U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

In EndNote

Add as “Patent”.

Fill out the fields: Inventor (use “enter” between each author if more than one), Year, Title, Issuing Organization (with a comma after the name of the organization), Country, Patent Number, URL - if applicable.

Structure/template

• Surname, Initial(s). (Year). Title of the report in italics [Translated title – if applicable] (Report No.). Publisher. https://...

When the author and publisher are the same, omit the publisher from the reference.

Add an English translation of the title in square brackets if the source used is not in English.

In text

(Stuster et al., 2018)

In a reference list

• Stuster, J., Adolf, J., Byrne, V., & Greene, M. (2018). Human exploration of Mars: Preliminary lists of crew tasks (Report No. NASA/CR-2018-220043). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20190001401.pdf

In EndNote

Add as “Report".

Fill out the fields Author (use “enter” between each author if more than one), Year, Title, Publisher (with a comma at the end), Report Number, URL.

In Zotero

Add as Report.

Fill in the fields: Title, Author, Report number, Institution, Date, URL

Structure/template

• Surname, Initial(s). (Year, Date). Title in italics [Translated title – if applicable]. Website name. https://...

Provide as specific a date as possible for the web page. If the web page has an updated date and this date applies to the specific content you are citing, use the updated date in the reference. If there is no information about updated date or publication date, use n.d. (which stands for no date).

Do not include retrieval date unless the content is designed to change over time and the web page is not archived. If needed, use this format: Retrieved October 20, 2017, from https://...

Add an English translation of the title in square brackets if the source used is not in English.

In text

(Giovanetti, 2019)

(Giovanetti, 2019, para. 3)

In a reference list

• Giovanetti, F. (2019, November 16). Why we are so obsessed with personality types. Medium. https://medium.com/the-business-of-wellness/why-we-are-so-obsessed-with-personality-types-577450f9aee9

In EndNote

Add as “Web Page”.

Fill out the fields: Author (use “enter” between each author if more than one), Year, Title, Publisher, Last Update Date (if applicable), URL.

(Fill out Access Date too if retrieval date is needed).

In Zotero

Add as Web Page.

Please note that the date should be written year, date, month. If the format is wrong, you must manually change the date after the document has been disconnected from Zotero.

Can't find Web Page? Choose something else e.g., a book. When you click the Item Type again, Web Page should appear at the bottom.

Structure/template

• Organization or Institution. (Year, Date). Title in italics [Translated title – if applicable]. Website name. https://...

Provide as specific a date as possible for the web page. If the web page has an updated date and this date applies to the specific content you are citing, use the updated date in the reference. If there is no information about updated date or publication date, use n.d. (which stands for no date).

When the author and site name are the same, omit the site name from the reference.

Do not include retrieval date unless the content is designed to change over time and the web page is not archived. If needed, use this format: Retrieved October 20, 2017, from https://...

Add an English translation of the title in square brackets if the source used is not in English.

In text

(World Health Organization, 2018)

In a reference list

• World Health Organization. (2018, May 24). The top 10 causes of death. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death

The author and site name are the same. Site name is not included in the reference.

In EndNote

Add as “Web page”

Fill out the fields: Author (with a comma after the name of the organization or institution), Year, Title, Publisher (omit if the same as Author), Last Update Date (if applicable), URL.

In Zotero

Add as Web Page.

Fill in the fields: Title, Author (Name of the organization), Website Title, Date, URL

Please note that the date should be written year, date, month. If the format is wrong, you must manually change the date after the document has been disconnected from Zotero.

To reference an entry in a printed encyclopedia, see example book chapter.

Structure/template

With an identified author:

• Surname, Initial(s). (Year). Title of the entry [Translated title – if applicable]. In Initial(s) Surname editor (Ed./Eds.), Title of the encyclopedia in italics (Edition - if applicable, page). Publisher. https://...

Add an English translation of the title in square brackets if the source used is not in English.

Without an identified author:

• Title of the entry. (Year). In Initial(s) Surname editor (Ed./Eds.), Title of the encyclopedia in italics (Edition - if applicable, page). Publisher. https://...

Add an English translation of the title in square brackets if the source used is not in English.

In text

Without an identified author:

(“Oil Painting,” 2019)

In a reference list

Without an identified author:

• Oil painting. (2019, December 8). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oil_painting&oldid=929802398

When citing Wikipedia, cite an archived version of the page. Access the archived version on Wikipedia by selecting “View history” and then the time and date of the version you used.

In EndNote

Add as “Electronic Book Section”.

Fill out the fields: Author (if the entry has an author), Year, Title, Editor (if applicable), Book Title, Edition (if applicable), Publisher (if applicable), Pages (if applicable), URL.

(Edit the in-text citation in the document if needed).

In Zotero

Add as Encyclopedia Article

Fill in the fields: Title, Author, Editor (if applicable), Encyclopedia, Edition (if applicable), Publisher (if applicable), Pages (if applicable), Date, URL.

Structure/template

• Surname, Initial(s). (Year, Date published). Title of the blog post [Translated title – if applicable]. Blog name in italics. http://...

In text

(Ouellette, 2019)

In a reference list

• Ouellette, J. (2019, November 15). Physicists capture first footage of quantum knots unraveling in superfluid. Ars Technica. https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/11/study-you-can-tie-a-quantum-knot-in-a-superfluid-but-it-will-soon-untie-itself/

In EndNote

Add as “Blog”.

Fill out the fields: Author, Year, Title of Entry, Title of WebLog, Date, URL.

In Zotero

Add as Blog Post.

Fill in the fields: Title, Author, Blog Title, Date, URL

Please note that the date should be written year, date, month. If the format is wrong, you must manually change the date after the document has been disconnected from Zotero.

Structure/template

Film:

• Surname director, Initial(s). (Role). (Year). Film title in italics [Description]. Publisher. https://...

Credit the director as the author of the film. If the director is unknown, credit someone in a similar role instead.

TV series:

• Surname producer, Initial(s). (Role). (Year). Title of the TV series in italics [Description]. Publisher. https://...

Credit the executive producer(s) as the author of the TV series.

In text

(Fleming, 1939)

(Magnus, 2011–2017)

In a reference list

Film:

• Fleming, V. (Director). (1939). Gone with the wind [Film]. Selznick International Pictures; Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

TV series:

• Magnus, M. (Executive Producer). (2011–2017). Skam [Shame] [TV series]. NRK. https://tv.nrk.no/serie/skam

If the original title is not in English, add an English translation of the title in square brackets.

In EndNote

Add as: "Film or Broadcast".

Fill out the fields: Director (see example below), Year Released, Title, Distributor, Medium, URL (if applicable).

Use two commas after the surname when role is included in the Director field. Example Director field: Fleming,, V. (Director)

In Zotero

Add as Film.

Fill in the fields: Tittel, Director, Distributor, Date, Format, URL (if applicable)

Add the person’s role after the first name e.g. Magnus, M. (Producer) or Hitchcock, A. (Director)

Structure/template

• Person or group who uploaded the video. (Year, Date uploaded). Title in italics [Video]. Site name. https://...

Credit the person or group who uploaded the video as the author, even if they did not create the video. Use the name of the account.

In text

(Harvard University, 2019)

In a reference list

• Harvard University. (2019, August 28). Soft robotic gripper for jellyfish [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/guRoWTYfxMs

In EndNote

Add as: " Audiovisual Material".

Fill out the fields: Author (with a comma at the end if not an ordinary personal name), Year, Title, Date, Type, Publisher (site name), URL.

In Zotero

Add as Video Recording

Fill in the fields: Title, Director (The channel name), Format (e.g., Video), Studio (e.g., YouTube), Date, URL

Please note that the date should be written year, date, month. If the format is wrong, you must manually change the date after the document has been disconnected from Zotero.

Structure/template

• Surname artist, Initial(s). (Year). Title of work in italics [Translated title – if applicable] [Medium]. Institution, Place.
• Surname artist, Initial(s). (Year). Title of work in italics [Translated title – if applicable] [Medium]. Institution, Place. http://...

Give the URL to the artwork on the museum web site if available.

Add an English translation of the title in square brackets if the source used is not in English.

In text

(van Gogh, 1889)

In a reference list

• van Gogh, V. (1889). The starry night [Painting]. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY, United States. https://www.moma.org/learn/moma_learning/vincent-van-gogh-the-starry-night-1889/

In EndNote

Add as: "Artwork".

Fill out the fields: Artist, Year, Title, Place Published, Publisher, Type of Work, URL (if available).

In Zotero

Add as Artwork.

Fill in the fields: Title, Artist, Medium (type of artwork), Archive, Date, URL

If you reproduce an image, a figure, or a table from another source in your paper, you must include a copyright attribution. You may also need to obtain permission from the copyright holder. Read more about copyright.

The copyright attribution is used instead of an in-text citation. You must also provide a reference list entry.

Number figures (figures and other illustrations) and tables in the text and give them a brief title.

Template (copyright attribution)

From Title, by Author, Year, Publisher (URL). Copyright information

Adapted from Title, by Author, Year, Publisher (URL). Copyright information

Use “From” for reprintings and “Adapted from” for adaptions.

Simplified template. The format depends on the type of source.

In text (copyright attribution)

Reprinting of a figure from a journal article (the publisher permits reprinting in academic assignments):

From “Social Media: A Contextual Framework to Guide Research and Practice,” by L. A. McFarland and R. E. Ployhart, 2015, Journal of Applied Psychology, 100, p. 1656. Copyright 2015 by the American Psychological Association.

Reprinting of an image from Flickr (Creative Commons license):

From Lava [Photograph], by Denali National Park and Preserve, 2013, Flickr (https://www.flickr.com/photos/denalinps/8639280606/). CC BY 2.0.

In a reference list

• Denali National Park and Preserve. (2013). Lava [Photograph]. Flickr. https://www.flickr.com/photos/denalinps/8639280606/
• McFarland, L. A., & Ployhart, R. E. (2015). Social media: A contextual framework to guide research and practice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100, 1653–1677. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039244

Lecture notes provided by the lecturer.

Check with your instructor if lecture notes are suitable for use in your assignments.

If the audience for which you are writing have access to the lecture notes, use the template below. If the readers do not have access to the lecture notes, cite them as a personal communication.

Structure/template

Lecture notes (PowerPoint slides)

• Surname, Initial(s). (Year). Title in italics [PowerPoint slides]. Publisher. https://...

In text

(Mack & Spake, 2018)

(Mack & Spake, 2018, Slide 3)

In a reference list

• Mack, R., & Spake, G. (2018). Citing open source images and formatting references for presentations [PowerPoint slides]. Canvas@FNU. https://fnu.onelogin.com/login

If the lecture notes come from a learning management system, provide the site name and the login page URL.

In EndNote

Add as “Audiovisual Material”.

Fill out the fields: Author (use “enter” between each author if more than one), Year, Title, Type, Publisher (site name), URL.

In Zotero

Add as Web Page.

Fill in the fields: Title, Author, Website Title, Website Type (Type of lecture notes e.g., PowerPoint slides), Date, URL

Structure/template

Podcast-episode:

Surname, Initial(s) (Host(s)). (Year, Date).Title of podcast episode [Audiopodcast-episode]. In Title of show in italics. Publisher. URL

Podcast-series:

Surname, Initial(s) (Host(s)). (Year). Title of show in italics [Audiopodkast]. Publisher. URL

In text

(Host Surname, Year)

(Rønneberg, 2020)

In a reference list

Rønneberg, K. (Host). (2020, February 11). Norske influensere: Er bransjen i ferd med å bli voksen? [Audiopodcast]. In Forklart. Aftenposten. https://www.aftenposten.no/podkast/ap/episode/118655

Flesvig, H. & Niva, M. (Hosts). (2019-today). Friminutt med Herman og Mikkel [Audiopodcast]. NRK. https://radio.nrk.no/podkast/friminutt_med_herman_og_mikkel

In EndNote

Add as "Podcast"

Fill out the fields: Author (Write Surname,, initial(s) first name. (Host) e.g. Rønneberg,, K. (Host)), Year, Title of podcast, Title of show, Publisher, Date, URL

In Zotero

Add as "Radio Broadcast"

Fill out the fields: Title, Director, Program Host, Network, Date, URL

NB: you must manually change Director to Program Leader in the reference list once you have disconnected Zotero from your document.

An AI generated text cannot be recreated by others. Therefore, in your own document, you should explain how you have used the tool and what you entered into the chat. If you have a long answer from the chat, you should consider entering the entire answer as an appendix in your text. 

Read more in the APA blog: "How to cite ChatGPT"

Structure/template

Rights holder/ company. (Year) Title of software (version) in italics [Large language model]. URL

In-text citation

(OpenAI, 2023)

In the reference list

OpenAI (2023) ChatGPT (22 August version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com

In EndNote

Add as "Dataset"

Fill out these fields: Investigators, Year, Title, Version, Datatype, URL.

In Zotero

Add as "Software"

Fill out these fields: Title, Programmer, Version, Date, System, Company/Publisher (cut publisher if it is the same as programmer (rights holder/company), URL

Please note:

Please note that texts generated by artificial intelligence, for instance in form of large language models, can be in conflict with good ethical practices in academia, and that using these models may raise issues with plagiarism and cheating. Please make sure that your field of study (faculty/ institute etc) allows use of AI generated text before you consider using such a service.

• Carey, J. R., & Zou, S. (2007). Theories of life span and aging. In P. S. Timiras (Ed.), Physiological basis of aging and geriatrics (4th ed., pp. 55-70). Informa Healthcare.
• Creme, P., & Lea, M. R. (2003). Writing at university (2nd ed.). Open University Press.
• Kwan, I., & Mapstone, J. (2004). Visibility aids for pedestrians and cyclists: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 36(3), 305-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-4575(03)00008-3