There are many different approaches in the academic writing world to creating reference lists and citing sources. The four most popular styles at NTNU are the APA, Chicago, Harvard and Vancouver referencing systems. The links here are from VIKO - an aid for academic writing that offers research tips and advice primarily for students, but that may also be of help to researchers. Here you will find information about the different reference styles and how to refer to sources.
There are many tools for reference management. NTNU University Library offers help and training in the EndNote reference tool, as well as in BibTex.
Academic journals generally have their own mandatory referencing system. Each journal's web page usually contains author guidelines that spell out which referencing system is required, but if you are in doubt, check with the library or your supervisor.
In-text citations and reference lists
Best practice - quotations, paraphrasing and references
- Reference lists written using the APA, Harvard and Chicago styles are written in alphabetical order by last name, and in decending order based on the year of publication.
- If you use the Vancouver style, you should write your reference list in chronological order based on the order in which the references are cited in the text.
